![]() ![]() ![]() The PLE is not a universal truth, nor was it proposed to be many types of incentive can lead people to perform a task in a more energy-expensive way even when a less energy-expensive alternative exists, from wanting to impress others, to personal satisfaction from knowing they did their best, to obeying an instruction to work hard and concentrate, to wanting to be cooperative, and so on (both Zipf and Ferrero acknowledge this).Įffort can be of many types (physiological, computational, emotional, etc.), but our focus here is on biomechanical effort. The PLE has been useful in explaining a variety of ordinary behaviors of humans, most recently how people use electronic resources (Case 2005). While Zipf does not refer to earlier works for this idea, more than 50 years earlier Ferrero ( 1894) proposed the same principle regarding human mental activities. The principle of least effort (PLE) was proposed by Zipf ( 1949) to apply to all individual and collective human behavior: essentially, the PLE claims people tend to expend the least effort in their activities.
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